Florida Department Of Health Disciplinary Proceedings: Formal Hearings

Chapman Law Group Article on Board of Medicine Formal Hearings

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What is the Florida Department of Health?

The Florida Department of Health (“FLDOH”) is the State agency that regulates health care professions in the State of Florida. Amongst other things, they are tasked with reviewing health care provider complaints, investigate them, prosecute and discipline licensed found to be in violation of the laws and rules regulating their profession.

What is the Practice Act?

Florida licensed health care professionals are governed by the Practice Act. Chapter 456 of the Florida Statutes regulates all health care professions. However, each specialty has their own Practice Act as well. For example, medical doctors are governed by Chapter 458 of the Florida Statutes, while nurses are governed by Chapter 464 of the Florida Statutes.

What happens when there is a violation?

If a health care professional is in violation of their Practice Act, the FLDOH will initiate an investigation against them. Upon completion of the investigation, the FLDOH may choose to dismiss the case or file a formal Administrative Complaint against the licensee. A licensee subject to an Administrative Complaint, will have to chose whether to dispute the Administrative Complaint by electing a formal hearings, or choose to not dispute it and appear before the Board for an informal hearing. In some cases, a licensee may be offered a Settlement Agreement to resolve the case. The only way to avoid discipline once an Administrative Complaint is filed is to elect a formal hearing, and win your case. All other options constitute discipline, reportable to the National Practitioner Data Bank.

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Florida Department of Health Formal Hearings Process

Board of Medicine Formal Hearing Process Infographic part 1
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Board of Medicine Formal Hearing Process Infographic part 2
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    1. When a licensee elects to dispute the administrative complaint, they are electing a formal hearing. They have the right to a hearing within 45 days unless they waive that right. Regardless of waiver, the hearing must occur within 12 months of the administrative complaint.
    2. Within 45 days of election or later if waived, the prosecutor will refer the case to the division of administrative hearings. (“DOAH”). Upon receipt of a petition for formal hearing, DOAH will assign the case to and Administrative Law Judge (“ALJ”).
    3. The ALJ will issue an initial order with instructions for discovery deadlines and other procedures.
    4. The parties must file a joint pre-trial stipulation addressing what facts can be stipulated, how long the hearing is expected to be, and when. Hearings must occur no later than 70 calendar days from the initial order.
    5. Pre-trial discovery begins. Discovery follows the Florida rules of civil procedure. The parties may submit to the other requests for production, admissions, and interrogatories. Response to discovery requests are due within 30 calendar days of service. The parties may also depose witnesses and experts.
    6. At the end of discovery, the parties must provide the ALJ with their list of witnesses, experts, and exhibits.
    7. The parties may engage in motion practice to exclude or object to evidence.
    8. Assuming there are no pending pleadings or motions to be resolved, the parties must appear at the hearing.
    9. The parties first make their opening statements. Then, FLDOH will present their case. the licensee may cross-examine witnesses. after, the licensee can do the same and FLDOH can cross-examine witnesses.
    10. At the end of the hearing, the parties may present closing arguments verbally or in writing within 30 days of the hearing. Thereafter, the ALJ will review all the evidence and prepare a proposed recommended order within 60 days. FLDOH must prove their case by clear and convincing evidence. If they fail, the ALJ will recommend case dismissal. If they don’t, the ALJ will make penalty recommendations to the board. The ultimate decision lies with the board.
    11. Once the parties receive the ALJ’s proposed recommended order, they may file exceptions to object to specific findings and observations. Generally, exceptions must be filed with the board within 15 days.
    12. Then the case is scheduled for a hearing on the recommended order before the licensee’s respective board. This process can take a few months.
    13. The board convenes periodically for all pending cases. The licensee is required to appear and wait their turn. The case will be called according to the order provided in the board meeting agenda.
    14. Assuming exceptions were filed, the board will begin by addressing those. FLDOH goes first and the licensee has the right to respond. Then, it’s the turn of the licensee and FLDOH will respond. Then board rules on the exceptions.
    15. After ruling on the exceptions, or if there are none, then the board will hear the prosecutor’s recommendations for penalties. The licensee is giving a chance to ask for lesser discipline.
    16. After hearing all the parties, and upon consideration of the proposed recommended order, the board will enter a motion for a particular penalty or dismissal, then they vote. Once a vote is entered, the case is over.
    17. The board may vote to dismiss the case. However, if they vote in favor of the FLDOH, they will impose discipline and penalty including: revocation, restriction, suspension, probation, corrective action, continuing education, referral to an impaired practitioner program, fines, and costs.
    18. The board will prepare and file a final order ratifying the penalty imposed within 30 days of the hearing. The final order will be mailed to the licensee. The licensee is bound by the terms of the final order.
    19. If the final order dismissed the case, then the licensee is free from discipline. If the final order imposed discipline, it will be reported to the national practitioner data bank.
    20. If subject to discipline, the licensee will also receive a packet from the FLDOH compliance division who will monitor their compliance with the final order.

The Importance of Hiring a Health Care Attorney for Formal Hearings

Formal hearings are the administrative law equivalent to a civil trial. The parties are bound by the Florida rules of civil procedure, rules of evidence, and the Florida administrative practice act. Licensees wishing to dispute an administrative complaint should retain an experienced health care attorney with knowledge of administrative law and civil trials. Failure to comply with the rules can result in exclusion of evidence or worse. Additionally, formal hearings will expose the licensee to a high likelihood of being deposed. Unlike criminal cases where the accused can plea the 5th, administrative hearings do not afford the accused that right. For all of these reasons, licensees wishing to fight their charges should immediately call an attorney. 

At Chapman Law Group, our sole focus is licensed health care professionals like you. For more than 30 years, we have represented and defended health care practitioners like nurses, doctors, and pharmacist, in administrative proceedings, civil and criminal actions, in state and federal courts. Contact us today and let us put our experience in criminal law, regulatory affairs, compliance, and civil litigation to work for you.

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